Eco Fabric: 14 Strange and Amazing Textile Innovations

Relying on polluting textile materials like cotton and polyester may become a thing of the past as a new range of eco-fabrics emerge, often made from materials that would otherwise go to waste. Some of these environmentally friendly fabrics are already in use, like those made of coconut husks, recycled plastic bottles, wood pulp and corn, while others are strange and futuristic, sourced from hagfish slime, fermented wine, spoiled milk and genetically engineered bacteria.

Fabric from Fermented Wine

A group of scientists at the University of Western Australia has produced fabric by letting microbes go to work on wine. The scientists culture bacteria called Acetobacter in vats of cheap red wine, and the bacteria ferments the alcohol into fibers that float just above the surface. These fibers can be extracted and fashioned into clothing. The only catch? Acetobacter produce vinegar as its end product, so the garments have a definite odor.

Naoron, Durable Fabric Made of Wood Pulp

This leather alternative is not only animal-friendly, it also eschews the chemicals required to create conventional faux leather. Naoran is a water-resistant textile derived from wood pulp and recycled polyester. It’s soft, flexible, and tear- and water-resistant.

Hagfish Slime Thread

The slimy substance in the photo above is defensive goo attached to a hagfish, an eel-shaped bottom-dwelling animal of the deep seas that is the only known creature to have a skull, but no vertebral column. Scientists have discovered that proteins within this slime have mechanical properties rivaling those of spider silk, and can be woven into high-performance bio-materials.

Electroluminescent Garments

For this unusual fabric in a collection by fashion designer Vega Wang, silk was printed with images of constellations and other space-related themes, and then the fabric was lined with electroluminescent paper. Programmed controllers enable the paper to shine through the silk for a dreamy, ethereal effect.

Spider Silk Made from Metabolically Engineered Bacteria

Known for its tremendous strength – three times stronger than both steel and Kevlar, yet thinner than a human hair – spider silk is a highly valuable material for textiles. But farming and harvesting spider silk is a definite challenge. Instead, geneticists have found a way to chemically synthesize the silk gene and insert it into E. coli bacteria.

Ingeo, Fabric Made from Corn

Synthetic fibers are most often petroleum-based, but recycled fibers and those sourced from natural substances are on the rise. Ingeo, a fabric by Natureworks derived from fermented corn starches, can be spun into fibers for apparel and home textiles, and also used for bio-plastics.

Silk-Like Fiber Derived from Spoiled Milk

Few of us would willingly walk around wearing spoiled milk, but it might just become all the rage in the near future. A company called Qmilch makes fabric from protein found in soured ‘secondary milk’ that’s no longer suitable for human consumption, and would normally be thrown away. This zero-waste fabric requires no harmful chemicals to make, and uses less water in the production process than other milk-based fabrics.

Newlife Polyester Yarn Made of Recycled Plastic Bottles

Newlife is a polyester yarn made from 100% post-consumer recycled plastic bottles, which is processed by mechanical rather than chemical means. Made in Italy, the fabric is used in fashion, sportswear, underwear, medical garments and other clothes and furnishings. Georgio Armani used it to create a fashionable, eco-friendly gown for LIvia Firth at the 2012 Golden Globe Awards.

Used Coffee Pods

Inspired by the resourcefulness of locals in Kerala, India, who repurpose waste in surprising ways, designer Rachel Rodwell discovered a material that wasn’t living up to its potential: used coffee pods. Rodwell gathers pods from friends and family and smashes them with a meat tenderizer, reconfiguring them into geometric-inspired designs in colors that reflect India’s cultural aesthetics.

Recycled Newspaper Yarn

Artist Ivano Vitali tears recycled newsprint into strips and twists it into balls of yarn without the use of glue, dyes or silicone, crocheting them into textile art with custom-made wooden knitting needles and hooks as long as 8 feet. Recently, Vitali has expanded into wearable art, achieving certain colors for dresses, jackets and even bikinis by painstakingly sorting his printed materials by color.

Self-Repairing Textile

Once a protective garment like a raincoat or lab wear is ripped or torn, it’s useless. But the total loss of these garments may become a thing of the past with the creation of ‘intelligent’ fabric that can heal itself. Researchers at SINTEF added microcapsules containing a glue-like substance to the plastic polyurethane that is applied to modern rainwear, so that if the garment snags, the capsules release a sealant that fills in the gaps and hardens with contact to air and water.

Cocona, Made of Coconut Husks

It was only a matter of time before tough, fibrous coconut husks were made into durable fabric. Cocona is one trademarked example, made of coconut-husk waste disposed of by the food service industry. The fabric is lightweight and breathable, making it ideal for sportswear. It’s used in Nau’s insular jacket.

Lab-Grown Biological Textiles

How will biotechnology change the fashion industry? Designer Amy Congdon believes that in the future, we’ll be able to grow textiles like ethical fur in laboratories. Her series ‘Biological Atelier’ imagines a workshop, circa 2082, where high-fashion garments are grown from cells.

Recycled Cassette Tapes

All of the strands of cassette tape still floating around in the world could not only be reused for fabrics, but spun into ‘audio textiles’ that play back under a tape head. Artist Alyce Santoro weaves this unlikely material on antique looms in a family-run textile mill in England to produce ‘Sonic Fabric’, including purses made from sound collages based on life in New York City.

10 Facts About Fabric

I absolutely adore fabric!  Whether silk, or satin, damask or linen,  it adds so much to a room; it creates a feel; it is part of history….fabric is so interesting! And it is never to be overlooked when designing or decorating a space.

Here are some interesting facts about fabric that I think are cool and even useful!
1)  Flax is the earliest known natural textile fabric seen used in about 5000 BC. Flax is the material used to make linen which is seeing a huge come back today in drapery and upholstery.

2)  There is evidence that cotton and wool were used to create natural fabrics in about 3000 BC and evidence of silk use in 2500 BC in China.

3)  China is still the largest maker and exporter of silk in the world and has been for 100’s of years.

4)  The earliest evidence of fabric textiles has been found in Turkey, Egypt and Israel.

5)  The creation of man-made fibers has only been within the last 100 years.  Rayon, was the first man-made fiber created in 1910 and it was called ‘artificial silk’. Viscose is the most common form of Rayon.

6)  Microfiber or Ultrasuede was invented over 20 years ago in Japan.  Microfiber is the thinnest of all man-made fibres, even finer than silk.  it is 100 times finer than a human hair.

7)  Acrylic is a man-made fiber that has a soft, wool-like hand, is machine washable and has excellent color retention.  It is often an additive to textiles to take advantage of these properties.

8)  Nylon is also man-made and was first produced in 1938.  It has high strength, excellent resilience and superior abrasion resistance.  Nylon replaced silk stockings for women in the early part of the 20th century.

9)  The highest quality cotton still comes from Egypt.
10)  Bamboo is a grass that has been used to create a fabric that hangs much like a heavy linen.  Interestingly it has natural wicking ability that pulls moisture away from the skin so it can be useful in reducing moisture related or dour.  It also has natural anti-bacterial qualities.  And it is sustainable as bamboo grows quickly and doesn’t need pesticides to thrive.