What is GSM?

GSM is the short form for grams per square meter. All fabrics including towels have a measurement in weight, and the standard measurement is measured in grams per square meters. This number refers to the density of the towel. High-quality Turkish cotton towels are generally heavier and are more absorbent.

Towels can vary anywhere between 300 GSM and 900 GSM. The lower the number, the lighter and thinner the towel. For instance:

300-400 GSM – In this weight category the towels are lighter and thinner. Depending on its use, a lower GSM for the towels are manufactured for gym towel or a kitchen towel. A lightweight, shared beach towel might be around 350 GSM. Medium weight is 400-600 GSM. This weight is great for beach towels, bath towels, guest towels and so forth. Each consecutive gram weight –400, 500, 600– gets a little heavier, and a little more absorbent.

600-900 GSM – This is a premium, luxury weight. The towel will be denser, heavier, more absorbent. It will probably take a little longer to dry.

Parts of Conventional Terry Towel

A woven Terry towel consists of five parts. These are the Hem, Terry Bar, Border, Body(Terry), selvedge. Every towel does not have to contain all of these parts. The pile area is considered the toweling part of the towel.  The beginning and end sections are the tightly woven areas of a towel which come before or after the pile fabric part and prevent this pile area from unraveling.  The selvage contains fewer number of warp end s than the pile area, woven without pile as a flat weave and has the purpose to reinforce the towel sides. Hem at the beginning and end of the towel stitched with two fold. Border mainly used for decorative purpose.

Terry Towelling parameters for designing and production

Terry Towelling parameters for designing and production 

- Size of towel: Grey & Finish

- Dimentions of Hem, Terry Bar, Border and Body Of Towel

- Finish & Grey weight/GSM of towel

- Reed count ie warp density

- Weft density (Body & Border)

- No. of splits on loom

- Yarn used in warp(Pile & Ground),weft(Body Weft & Border Weft)

- Material used cotton /polyester(Pile, Ground & weft)

- Major count _2/20 k, 2/24 K, 1/10 OE, 1/14 OE, 1/16k etc.

- Tape length used in pile and ground

- Weight loss consideration during all process like shearing, washing,tumbling and dying etc.

- Production calculations by PCs and wt.

- Wastage parameter at various stage of manufacturing

- Pile Height

Designer in Textile and Clothing Industries

Designers in Textile and Clothing Industries :

• Colorists predicting and forecasting future colour ranges.
• Yarn designers
• Knitting fabric designers
• Woven fabric designers
• Carpet designers
• Print designers
• Embroidery designers
• Knitwear designers
• Garment designers
• Accessory designers
• Print producers
• Stylists
• Colorists developing colorways
• Repeating artists. 
  

Terry Towel Calculations -1

Assumptions

Number of Ground Warp Ends = 694
Ground Warp Count = 25 tex x 2
Warp Crimp = 8%
Weft Yarn count = 34 tex
Number of Pile Warp Ends = 576
Length of pile part = 102 cm
Pile Ratio (for pile height)= 52:10 (52 cm of pile warp for 10 cm of cloth)
Pile Yarn count = 30 tex x 2
Length of plain part = 4 cm
Picks per cm = 20
Reed Width = 58.4 cm
Grey Length ( Pile and Plain Part) = 106 cm
Fringe Length = 2 cm

How to Determine the Weight of a ground Warp for Terry Towel

Weight of Ground Warp = Weight of ground warp in grey cloth + weight of ground warp in the fringe.

Weight of ground warp in grey cloth = (length of grey cloth x warp crimp factor x no of ground warp threads x warp yarn count in tex )/ (100 x 1000)
= (106 x 1.08 x 694 x 25 x 2)/(100 x 1000)
= 397.25 gms

Weight of Ground Warp in Fringe (here the warp crimp is not involved) = (Fringe length x no of ground warp x yarn count in tex)/ (100x 1000)
= (2 x 694 x 25 x 2)/ (100 x 1000) = 0.69 gms

So Ground Warp Weight = 397.25 +.69 = 397.94 grams.

How to Determine the Weight of Pile Warp in Terry Towel

Weight of Pile Warp = weight of pile warp in pile part + that in plain part + that in fringe

a. Weight of pile warp in pile part ( Pile ratio: 52:10)=( Length of pile part x number of pile threads x pile length x yarn count in tex) / (100 x 1000)
= (102 x 576 x 52 x 30 x 2)/(100 x 1000)
= 183.31 g

b. Weight of Pile warp in Plain Part
=( Length of plain fabric x number of pile threads x crimp factor x yarn count)/ (100 x 1000)
= (4 x 576 x 1.08 x 30 x 2)/(100 x 1000)
= 1.49 g

c. Weight of Pile warp in fringe ( No crimp , no loop )
= (fringe length x number of pile threads x yarn count)/(100 x 1000)
= (2 x 576 x 30 x 2)/(100 x 1000)
= 0.69 g
Weight of pile warp = 183.31+ 1.49 + 0.69 = 185.49

How to Determine the Weight of Weft in Terry Towel

Weight of Weft Yarn

= (Total no of weft threads x reed width x yarn count)/(100 x 1000)
(Reed width is equal to the length of one weft yarn)
= (106 x 20 x 58.4 x 34)/(100 x 1000)
= 42.09 g

About Terry Towel

Terrycloth, terry cloth, terry toweling, terry, or simply toweling is a fabric with loops that can absorb large amounts of water. It can be manufactured by weaving or knitting. Toweling is woven on special looms that have two beams of longitudinal warp through which the filler or weft is fired laterally. The first industrial production of terrycloth towels was by the English manufacturer Christ.

There are two types of terry fabrics:

1. Towel Terry is a [woven] fabric with long loops that can absorb large amounts of water. Its content is usually 100% cotton, but may sometimes contain polyester.
2. French Terry is a fabric, used in men's, women's and children's clothes. One of its sides is flat, while the other side is with cross loops. It is either 100% cotton or contains polyester with inelastic (Lycra). It is often warp knitted, and the term French Terry is colloquially used for all warp knitted Terry.

It is the length of loops that determines how much fluid is absorbed by the cloth as longer loops provide more surface area to absorb and come in contact with the fluid.

Items that may be made from terrycloth include babies’ nappies (UK English) or reusable diapers (US English), towels, bathrobes, bed linen, and sweatbands for the wrist or head. Terrycloth is also sometimes used to make sweat jackets. Terry toweling hats with a shallow brim were once popular with cricketers (like English wicket keeper Jack Russell), but are no longer in fashion.

An alternative fabric used for towels is waffle fabric. A modern synthetic alternative is microfiber.

http://www.rfpl.in/